descriptionTechnical Research

White Papers

Technical research, application guides, and engineering reports from Halogen Systems and industry partners.

water_drop

Chlorine Analyzers Waste 6.1 Billion Gallons of Non-Revenue Water

Traditional sensors waste 70,000–138,000 gallons of treated water per sensor per year. Across the U.S. this totals 6.1 billion gallons annually. The MP5 eliminates this entirely with direct in-pipe installation.

By Halogen Systems Inc.

Water ConservationNon-Revenue WaterCost SavingsNSF-61
speed

MP5-A: A New Standard in Accuracy

Calibrated once at pH 8.0, the MP5-A held ±4% accuracy as pH varied from 6.5 to 8.5, temperature from 10–35°C, and conductivity from 156–10,000 µS. Limit of detection 0.01 ppm — 3× better than Hach CL10f.

By Halogen Systems Inc.

AccuracyMP5pH CompensationTesting
local_hospital

Sensors Are the Missing Link for Legionella Control

Legionella causes more hospitalizations than carbon monoxide yet buildings rarely monitor water quality continuously. This paper explains why existing sensors fail in hot water systems and how the MP-HOT changes that.

By David J. Swiderski (HC Info) & Michael Silveri (Halogen Systems)

LegionellaHot WaterASHRAE 188Buildings
science

Measuring Monochloramine Without Reagents

A new control method for chloramination using the MP-TOTAL sensor. Measure free chlorine and monochloramine simultaneously — without reagents, waste streams, or expensive colorimetric equipment — and enable precise breakpoint curve control.

By Halogen Systems Inc.

MonochloramineChloraminationMP-TOTALReagent-Free
hub

Demand-Based Flushing with AMI & Water Quality Sensors

How the City of Gainesville, GA integrated Halogen MP5-A sensors with Sensus AMI infrastructure to enable condition-triggered automatic flushing. 99.875% sensor uptime over 6 months at 184 PSI.

By Halogen Systems Inc. & Sensus (Xylem)

AMI IntegrationDistributionFlushingSmart Water
electric_bolt

ORP versus Amperometry for Chlorine Measurement

A detailed technical comparison of ORP and amperometric measurement methods for Total Residual Oxidant. Covers ORP electrode poisoning, ±30% concentration error, logarithmic response limitations, seawater baseline variability, and why amperometry is the correct choice for quantitative control.

By Halogen Systems Inc.

ORPAmperometrySensor TechnologyTRO

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