White Papers
Technical research, application guides, and engineering reports from Halogen Systems and industry partners.
Chlorine Analyzers Waste 6.1 Billion Gallons of Non-Revenue Water
Traditional sensors waste 70,000–138,000 gallons of treated water per sensor per year. Across the U.S. this totals 6.1 billion gallons annually. The MP5 eliminates this entirely with direct in-pipe installation.
By Halogen Systems Inc.
MP5-A: A New Standard in Accuracy
Calibrated once at pH 8.0, the MP5-A held ±4% accuracy as pH varied from 6.5 to 8.5, temperature from 10–35°C, and conductivity from 156–10,000 µS. Limit of detection 0.01 ppm — 3× better than Hach CL10f.
By Halogen Systems Inc.
Sensors Are the Missing Link for Legionella Control
Legionella causes more hospitalizations than carbon monoxide yet buildings rarely monitor water quality continuously. This paper explains why existing sensors fail in hot water systems and how the MP-HOT changes that.
By David J. Swiderski (HC Info) & Michael Silveri (Halogen Systems)
Monochloramine Measurement, Without Reagents
A continuous, reagent-free approach to measuring free chlorine and monochloramine on the same sensor — and the new control strategy it enables for chloraminating plants. Covers species-ambiguity problems with DPD Total, the nitrification cascade from ammonia-forward operation, and a chlorine-forward control method made possible by the MP Total.
By Michael Silveri, Founder, Halogen Systems Inc.
Demand-Based Flushing with AMI & Water Quality Sensors
How the City of Gainesville, GA integrated Halogen MP5-A sensors with Sensus AMI infrastructure to enable condition-triggered automatic flushing. 99.875% sensor uptime over 6 months at 184 PSI.
By Halogen Systems Inc. & Sensus (Xylem)
ORP versus Amperometry for Chlorine Measurement
A detailed technical comparison of ORP and amperometric measurement methods for Total Residual Oxidant. Covers ORP electrode poisoning, ±30% concentration error, logarithmic response limitations, seawater baseline variability, and why amperometry is the correct choice for quantitative control.
By Halogen Systems Inc.
New Alternatives to Online DPD Instruments for TRO Measurement in BWMS
ACT-evaluated amperometric TRO sensor technology for ballast water management systems. Reagent-free, flow-independent, DNV Type Approved — with third-party precision data, cost comparisons, and field test results showing 1.2 years of maintenance-free operation.
By Halogen Systems Inc.
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